Accepted_test

Chickpea is one of the most important crops. The genetic diversity of this crop has been relatively reduced due to domestication, due to this, chickpea plants are susceptible to various abiotic stresses and diseases. In this regard, the search for new variants associated with different agronomic traits is important for breeding programs. We considered 12 phenotypic traits measured in two regions of Russia, Astrakhan and Kuban, for the collection of 171 chickpea accessions, and used IIIVmrMLM package for searching genomic associations in two environments with Multi_env mode and in each environment separately with Single_env mode. The 43 QTNs and 40 QEIs found with Multi_env model, as well as 63 QTNs predicted with Single_env model, were located within or around genes. The Single_env model had more overlap with GWAS results found with GAPIT previously. However, such models may result in associations which cannot be reproduced in another climatic conditions. The Multi-env model implemented in IIIvmrMLM estimates effects of genes and all types of interactions between genes and environments.