Accepted_test

Integration of phylostratigraphic and phylotranscriptomic analysis in the study of differentially expressed genes in cancer tissues
by Roman Ivanov | Sergey Lashin | Dmitry Afonnikov | Yury Matuskin | Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia | Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia | Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia | Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Abstract ID: 177
Event: BGRS-abstracts
Sections: [Sym 4] Section “Human medical genomics/genetics”

This study focuses on the evolutionary origins and functional roles of genes linked to human carcinomas, aiming to enhance our understanding for these cancers. By employing phylostratigraphic and phylotranscriptomic analyses, the research investigates the evolutionary ages of genes involved in various stages of carcinoma development. Phylostratigraphy helps determine gene origins by analyzing ortholog presence across species, identifying key evolutionary moments and organism-specific genes. Phylotranscriptomics combines this data with gene expression levels, exploring how gene age correlates with activity changes during different physiological or pathological states.

The methodology integrates differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2, phylostratigraphic analysis via Orthoweb to calculate the Phylostratigraphy Age Index (PAI) and Divergency Index (DI), and phylotranscriptome analysis with myTAI, assessing gene expression dynamics relative to evolutionary age.

Results reveal significant gene representation peaks at early multicellular and vertebrate stages, with variations in transcriptome age across carcinoma development stages. Notably, an increase in transcriptome age (TAI) was observed in both early and late stages of carcinomas, with a decrease during intermediate stages, particularly evident in intestinal adenocarcinomas. Healthy tissues generally showed higher transcriptome ages than their cancerous counterparts, suggesting an upregulation of ancient genes in cancer.