Accepted_test

This study aims to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the microbiota and the host organism, considering microorganisms not only as potential indicators of changes in the host's condition but also as active participants in the immune response. This opens up new approaches to regulating the immune system through manipulation of the microbiota and offers new strategies for improving human health. Our research demonstrates how exposure to anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines alters the expression profiles in strains of L. rhamnosus K32. The reduction in the activity of genes involved in energy processes, such as carbohydrate exchange and transport, stimulates the transition of cells to a mode of minimal interaction with the external environment. The analysis revealed a significant proportion of genes associated with the phosphotransferase system, which downregulated after treatment with cytokines IL-8 and IL-10. This system is well-studied for its role in the uptake and utilization of carbohydrate substrates. The observed decrease in the expression of genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, and transcription reflects a decrease in the metabolic activity of L. rhamnosus K32. This adaptive transition facilitates the conservation and redistribution of resources to maintain cell viability and activates protective mechanisms in conditions of inflammatory stress.