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One of the most pressing problems of modern society continues to promote people missing. Proactive DNA registration is the most effective and reliable in the process of personal identification using molecular genetic methods due to the possibility of registering a direct comparative study of the genetic profile of a known person with the profile of an unidentified person. The Government of the Russian Federation is actively applying the ideas of continuous development of the proactive DNA registration system. A legal framework for regulating state genomic registration is gradually being formed. However, unlike a number of European countries, Russia does not have special laws on biobanks. There are also ethical obstacles to the development of biobanking related to the possibility of using biological material and patient medical data for research purposes. A separate task in this regard is the need to introduce a legal regime regarding anonymized data, confidentiality, protection and use of human tissue in research, which also poses certain difficulties. The development of state genomic registration, ensuring the establishment of proactive DNA certification and the creation of specialized institutions - biobanks - will increase the efficiency and speed of personal identification, the detection of crimes, the objectivity of the examinations performed, and will also ensure the safety and improve the quality of life of all citizens.