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This study investigates the role of polymorphic variants within the HSP70 family member HSPA8 in influencing the severity of COVID-19 among individuals in Central Russia. With COVID-19 presenting varying degrees of severity and significant health implications worldwide, understanding genetic factors contributing to disease severity is crucial. Through a comprehensive analysis involving genotyping of HSPA8 SNPs in over a thousand individuals, the study reveals notable associations. Specifically, the SNP rs1461496 HSPA8 is linked to an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in older patients, alongside implications in clotting dynamics and immune responses. Functional annotation of this SNP elucidates its involvement in critical pathways underlying COVID-19 pathogenesis. Additionally, the SNP rs1136141 HSPA8 demonstrates associations with disease severity in younger patients and immune system regulation, highlighting its potential role in COVID-19 outcomes. These findings underscore the significance of HSPA8 polymorphisms as novel genetic markers for severe COVID-19 risk in the Central Russian population.