Complete sequencing of barley organellar genomes: new data for intraspecific differentiation

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Yermakovich (Makarevich) Anna¹, Siniauskaya Maryna², Liaudanski Aleh³, Halayenka Innesa⁴, Davydenko Oleg^5
1Institute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Cytoplasmic Inheritance, bio.makarevich@gmail.com
²Institute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Cytoplasmic Inheritance, m.sin@inbox.ru
³Institute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Cytoplasmic Inheritance, 666555@tut.by
⁴Institute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Cytoplasmic Inheritance, goloenkoi@tut.by
⁵Institute of Genetics and Cytology of NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Cytoplasmic Inheritance, davydenko@tut.by

Organelle genomes are an important tool to investigate domestication, distribution and microevolution of plant species. However, they have found limited use in cereal intraspecific studies so far.

In the present study, organelle genomes of wild (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated (H. vulgare subsp. vulgare) barley forms were sequenced. We conducted theВ NGS of isolated chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA mixtures. This non-trivial approach allowed to obtain both genomes for each sample but required some specific steps in the data processing.

Comparative analysis of obtained sequences revealed more than 100 polymorphic sites in the chloroplast genome, including new intraspecific SSR-markers, and more than 20 polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome.

We also carry out the phylogenetic analysis of these genomes. Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA trees were consistent with each other, indicating the presence of two large clades containing both wild and cultivated forms.

Our results are conforming with a hypothesis of several domestication centres of barley. They also provide direct evidence of a higher rate of nucleotide substitutions in the chloroplast genomes as compared to that of mitochondria on a microevolution scale. The revealed high level of variability of chloroplast genomes makes it possible to use them for intraspecific barley differentiation.